The transition to equilibrium in a system with gravitationally interacting particles. II. Gravitational instability

Boichenko, A.; Klenovskii, M.

doi:10.30511/ttmp.2024.2025173.1023

The transition to equilibrium in a system with gravitationally interacting particles. II. Gravitational instability

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

A. Boichenko ¹

M. Klenovskii ²

¹ Institute of Fundamentl Problems in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Moscow, Russia

² University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic

10.30511/ttmp.2024.2025173.1023

Abstract

The distribution function of systems in equilibrium must have the canonical form of the Gibbs distribution. To substantiate this behavior of systems, attempts have been made for more than 100 years to involve their mechanical behavior. In other words, it seems that a huge number of particles of the medium, as a result of interaction with each other according to dynamic laws, is able to explain the statistical behavior of systems during their transition to equilibrium. Modeling of gravitationally interacting particles is carried out and it is shown that in this case, the distribution function does not evolve to the canonical form. Earlier, the same results were obtained for classical Coulomb plasma. On the other hand, such a statistical effect as relaxation is well described by the dynamic behavior of the system, and the simulation data are in agreement with the known theoretical results obtained in various statistical approaches. This article demonstrates that the well-known phenomenon of gravitational instability is also reproduced in the numerical simulation of a system with gravitationally interacting particles.

Keywords

dynamical behavior in classical mechanics

substantiation of statistical mechanics

entropy

equilibrium

gravitationally interacting particles

Subjects